Strengthening Coastal Community Resilience through Marine Ecotourism in Pangandaran, West Java
Keywords:
Marine Ecotourism, Coastal Community, Community Resilience, Participatory Development, Functional Approach, PangandaranAbstract
Purpose – This study investigates how marine ecotourism can be utilized to strengthen the resilience of coastal communities in Pangandaran, West Java. Despite having rich marine biodiversity and cultural heritage, the region faces socio-economic vulnerability. The research addresses the need for sustainable livelihood alternatives and explores ecotourism as a functional strategy for community empowerment and social stability.
Design/methods/approach – Using a qualitative descriptive method, the study collected data through field observations, semi-structured interviews with 10 key local stakeholders, and focus group discussions involving 30 community members, including fishermen, seaweed farmers, homestay operators, and local leaders. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the roles of stakeholders and community dynamics in marine tourism development.
Findings – The findings reveal that marine ecotourism has the potential to enhance economic diversification, preserve local knowledge, and promote environmental awareness. Key enabling factors include community participation, skill development, infrastructure support, and integration of local traditions. The application of a functional sociological perspective shows how local institutions and social values contribute to sustainable tourism and community resilience.
Research implications/limitations – The study’s scope is geographically limited to a single coastal village in Pangandaran, which may affect the generalizability of findings. Limited data on long-term impacts of ecotourism on household income and environmental quality poses a constraint for future assessments.
Originality/value – This paper offers a novel sociological lens on coastal ecotourism as a multidimensional empowerment strategy. It contributes to community-based tourism literature by linking functional theory with participatory development and provides a replicable framework for similar coastal areas.
References
Annas, F. B., Lubis, D. P., Hapsari, D. R., & Sumardjo, S. (2024). Convergence Communication In Community-Based Ecotourism Management. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 8(07), 4270–4283. https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1193
Apdillah, D., Wahyudin, Raza’i, T. S., Chalet, C., Suryanti, A., Zulkarnaen, Y., & Azizah, D. (2023). Carrying Capacity of Mangrove Environment for Development of River Cruise Ecotourism in Pengudang, Bintan Island, Indonesia. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1148(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1148/1/012018
Ashokkumar, P., & Sangeetha, C. (2024). Empowering Tea Tourism Through Community Participation: A Conceptual Study. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/r3wmv
Astuti, W. K., Lestari, N. A. R., & Herlambang, S. (2021). Small Town Urbanization and Project Experimentation in Pangandaran Region, Indonesia. Human Geographies – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 15(2), 169–183. https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2021.152.3
Auliah, A., Prayitno, G., Ari, I. R. D., Adrianto, D. W., Subagiyo, A., Biloshkurska, N., & Ismaili, H. (2024). The Role of Community Social Capital and Collective Action in the Development of Sustainable Tourism. International Social Science Journal, 75(256), 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12554
Ayun, N. Q., Dewi, L. S. K., Murwantoko, M., & Setyobudi, E. (2021). The Occurrence of Anisakis Larvae on Hairtail, Trichiurus Lepturus Caught From the Pangandaran Waters, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220339
Bhatta, K. D. (2023). Community-Based Ecotourism and Perceived Economic Impacts: A Study of Rural Settlements Around Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Journal of Engineering Technology and Planning, 4(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.3126/joetp.v4i1.58444
Bing, W., Islam, K. M. S., & Hossen, Md. M. (2019). Economic Development Through the Implementation of Environment Policies. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 8(6), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i6.564
Burkhart, S., Hayman, A., Lam, F., Jones, B., Horsey, B., Craven, D., & Underhill, S. J. R. (2022). School Food Programmes in the Pacific Islands: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges for Creating Healthier School Food Environments. Public Health Nutrition, 26(2), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980022001951
Devlin, M., Breckels, M. N., Graves, C. A., Barry, J., Capuzzo, E., Huerta, F. P., Ajmi, F. A., Al-Hussain, M. M., LeQuesne, W. J. F., & Lyons, B. P. (2019). Seasonal and Temporal Drivers Influencing Phytoplankton Community in Kuwait Marine Waters: Documenting a Changing Landscape in the Gulf. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00141
Guo, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Zheng, C. (2018). Catalyst or Barrier? The Influence of Place Attachment on Perceived Community Resilience in Tourism Destinations. Sustainability, 10(7), 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072347
Hadi, T. A., Hafizt, M., Hadiyanto, H., Budiyanto, A., & Siringoringo, R. M. (2018). Shallow Water Sponges Along the South Coast of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 19(2), 485–493. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190223
Hampton, M. P., Bianchi, R., & Jeyacheya, J. (2023). Dynamics of Coastal Tourism: Drivers of Spatial Change in South‐East Asia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 45(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12512
Hengky, S. H. (2019). Challanges Sustainable Coastal Tourism on Panjang Island. Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology, 8(5), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2019.08.00259
Hermawan, H., Nugroho, D. S., Afif, F., Wijayanti, A., Ahmad, A., & Valeri, M. (2024). Leadership Rooted in Community-Based Local Wisdom Values. Media Wisata, 22(2), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.36276/mws.v22i2.762
Hewitt, J. E., Ellis, J. I., & Thrush, S. F. (2016). Multiple Stressors, Nonlinear Effects and the Implications of Climate Change Impacts on Marine Coastal Ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 22(8), 2665–2675. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13176
Hidayah, R. T., Iskamto, D., & Utami, E. M. (2023). Behavioral Intention Analysis on Aspiring Geopark Tourists: A Case Study in Pangandaran. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Management, 2(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.54099/ijebm.v2i1.585
Hsiao, C. Y., Kuo, C. M., & Tuan, C. L. (2021). Island Ecological Tourism: Constructing Indicators of the Tourist Service System in the Penghu National Scenic Area. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.708344
Irpan, A. M., Kurniasih, S., Sutjihati, S., Lathifah, S. S., Anugrah, R., Aqila, S., & Alfieansyah, M. (2024). Analysis of Macroalgae Diversity in the West Coastal of Pananjung Beach, Pangandaran. Kne Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15502
Kassa, G., Teferi, B., & Delelegn, N. (2018). The Poverty—Environment Nexus in Developing Countries: Evidence From Ethiopia: A Systematic Review. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology, 24(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2018/39310
Khalid, S., Ahmad, M. S., Ramayah, T., Hwang, J., & Kim, I. (2019). Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism. Sustainability, 11(22), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226248
Kumar, S., Hasija, N., Kumar, V., & Sageena, G. (2023). Ecotourism: A Holistic Assessment of Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects Towards Sustainable Development. Current World Environment, 18(2), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.14
Lee, J., Kim, S., & Kwon, H. (2017). Mapping Interests by Stakeholders’ Subjectivities Toward Ecotourism Resources: The Case of Seocheon-Gun, Korea. Sustainability, 9(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010093
Lee, T. H., & Jan, F. (2017). Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework. Journal of Travel Research, 57(6), 792–810. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517717350
Louisor, J., Brivois, O., Mouillon, P., Maspataud, A., Belz, P., & Laloue, J.-M. (2022). Coastal Flood Modeling to Explore Adaptive Coastal Management Scenarios and Land-Use Changes Under Sea Level Rise. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.710086
Manner-Baldeon, F., Carvache‐Franco, M., & Carvache‐Franco, W. (2024). Tourism and Hospitality Management, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.30.1
Maudiarti, S., & Adriani, H. (2021). Investigating the History of East Sakerta Village as a Popular Tourist Destination in West Java. Akademika, 10(02), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.34005/akademika.v10i02.1115
Mistriani, N., Ihalauw, J. J., & Priyanto, S. H. (2024). Three Main Pillars of Agrotourism Success in Lerep Tourism Village: Farmer Groups, Pokdarwis, and BUMDes. Icgtsave, 1(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.62951/icgtsave.v1i2.31
Musleh, M., Subianto, A., & Prasita, V. D. (2023). Stakeholder Interaction in the Development of Oxygen Ecotourism on Gili Iyang Island, Indonesia. Journal of Government and Civil Society, 7(2), 297. https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v7i2.8251
Muslim, M. (2021). Communication Strategy for the Development of Almous Ecoturism in the Island of the Kelapa Island. JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 5(2), 218–225. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v5i2.5422
Nazirullah, Som, A. P. M., Shariffuddin, N. S. M., Wan Mohd Adzim Wan Mohd Zain, & Qassem, A. A. (2023). The Influence of Socio-Cultural and Economic Impact on Tourism Support: A Mediating Role of Community Value. Planning Malaysia, 21. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i25.1230
Nijman, V. (2021). Tourism Developments Increase Tsunami Disaster Risk in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12(5), 764–769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00365-3
Nofrion, N., Purwanto, S., Utomo, E. P., & Aziz, S. A. (2023). The Development Model of Community-Based Tourism in Nagari Koto Sani, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. Geoeco, 9(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v9i2.71735
Noor, F., Alamgir, A., Khan, M. A., & Owais, M. (2022). Climate Vulnerability Index of the Coastal Subdistricts of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Kuwait Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.17873
Nurhayati, A., Aisah, I., & Supriatna, A. K. (2018). Development Model Of Synergistic Sustainable Marine Ecotourism (Case Study in Pangandaran Region, West Java Province, Indonesia). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201811.0346.v1
Nurhayati, A., Aisah, I., & Supriatna, A. K. (2019). Model Development of a Synergistic Sustainable Marine Ecotourism—A Case Study in Pangandaran Region, West Java Province, Indonesia. Sustainability, 11(12), 3418. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123418
Olán‐González, M., Reyes‐Bonilla, H., Arreola-Alarcon, I. M., Uribe, R. V., & Olivier, D. (2023). Ecotourism Impacts on Reef Fishes in a Marine Reserve During the COVID‐19 Era. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 21(7), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2657
Palupi, M., Fitriadi, R., Wijaya, R., RAHARJO, P., & Nurwahyuni, R. N. R. (2021). Diversity of Phytoplankton in the Whiteleg (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Shrimp Ponds in the South Coastal Area of Pangandaran, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230115
Porter, B. A., Orams, M. B., & Lück, M. (2015). Surf-Riding Tourism in Coastal Fishing Communities: A Comparative Case Study of Two Projects From the Philippines. Ocean & Coastal Management, 116, 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.07.015
Riniwati, H., Harahab, N., & Abidin, Z. (2019). A Vulnerability Analysis of Coral Reefs in Coastal Ecotourism Areas for Conservation Management. Diversity, 11(7), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070107
Roscher, M., Eriksson, H., Harohau, D., Mauli, S., Kaltavara, J., Boonstra, W. J., & Ploeg, J. v. d. (2022). Unpacking Pathways to Diversified Livelihoods From Projects in Pacific Island Coastal Fisheries. Ambio, 51(10), 2107–2117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01727-x
Rumanti, A. A., Amelia, M., Rizaldi, A. S., & Supratman, N. A. (2024). Edu-Tourism Through Digital Literacy Based on Science and Technology in Community Empowerment Efforts to Improve the Economy in Banyuwangi Regency. Metris Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 25(02), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.25170/metris.v25i02.5423
Sitorus, N. B., Liyushiana, L., & Sinaga, D. C. (2023). The Potential of Sustainable Livelihood-Based Tourism in Kuta Jungak Tourism Village, Pakpak Bharat District. Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education, 4(2), 631–639. https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v4i2.782
Su-lan, C., Bruyne, C. D., & Bollempalli, M. (2020). Blue Economy: Community Case Studies Addressing the Poverty–Environment Nexus in Ocean and Coastal Management. Sustainability, 12(11), 4654. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114654
The Role of Ecotourism in the Social and Economic Field. (2022). https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2022.2510
Tjiong, G. P., Supriatna, J., Takarina, N. D., & Tambunan, R. P. (2021). Mangrove Diversity and Suitability Assessments for Ecotourism in Cimalaya Wetan Coast, Karawang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220234
Ulfa, M., & Harahap, M. M. (2022). The Development Potential Level of Bagan Serdang Mangrove Ecotourism, Pantai Labu Subdistrict. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 977(1), 012094. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012094
UMAM, K., Kurniawati, E., & Widianto, A. A. (2022). The Dynamics of “Pokdarwis Capung Alas” in the Development of Community—Based Tourism in Pujon Kidul Village During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 43(3), 850–857. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43302-896
Waridin, W., Dzulkhijiana, A., & Mafruhah, I. (2018). Community Empowerment in Rural Infrastructure Development Program. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(1), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol10.iss1.art2
Wibisono, H. K., Prastyawan, A., Noviyanti, W. R., Badi’ah, A., & Klemens, K. (2024). A Canvas Model for Planning and Development Strategy of Rural Sustainable Tourism. E3s Web of Conferences, 513, 01007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451301007
Wishitemi, B., Momanyi, S., Ombati, B. G., & Okello, M. M. (2015). The Link Between Poverty, Environment and Ecotourism Development in Areas Adjacent to Maasai Mara and Amboseli Protected Areas, Kenya. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 306–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.003
Woo, E., Kim, H., & Uysal, M. (2015). Life Satisfaction and Support for Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research, 50, 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.11.001
Yang, E., & Kim, J. (2023). Sustainable Tourism Development in a Host Community: The Mediating Role of Community Resilience in Response to Disasters and Crises. International Journal of Tourism Research, 25(5), 527–541. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2592
Yasir, Y. (2019). Environmental Communication Planning in the Development of Mangrove Ecotourism in Bengkalis Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccelst-ss-19.2019.3
Zamzami, L., Aliman, M., & AZWAR, A. (2021). The Effect of Ecotourism Development on Marine Conservation Area in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 38(4), 1166–1174. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.38423-757
Zukhri, N., & Rosalina, E. (2024). Ecotourism for Sustainability: An in-Depth Perception and Evaluation Analysis of Community-Based “Belitong Geopark” in Belitung Island. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1419(1), 012068. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1419/1/012068
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dicky Irawan, Yuyun Istiqomah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
